315D/322D: High-Speed Length Controllers
The 315D and 322D High-Speed Length Controllers gives physiologists the ability to control and measure length of single cells, fibers and whole muscle with ease. Highly sensitive motors allow complete automated control of length of a vast number of biological specimens such as skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, connective tissue, and compliant tissue.
These motors provide a range of length control and response times uniquely suited to the needs of the researcher. Our fastest model, the 315D, provides a step change of length in 350µs and a length frequency response up to 1.7 kHz. All models allow the researcher to resolve length changes as small as 1 micron. All models have less than 0.01 micron/mN isometric compliance. With tensile limits of 100mN (315D) and 200mN (322D), respectively, our high-speed length controllers have more than enough force for any tissue sample.
The front panel manual length control allows the researcher to set the steady-state arm position. In addition, circuit design prevents the motor from being operated beyond its safe limits.
Models
315D: 100mN Force, Ultra low isometric compliance
322D: 200mN Force, Ultra low isometric compliance
Select References
- DeWinter, Josine M. et al. “Troponin activator augments muscle force in nemaline myopathy patients with nebulin mutations.” Journal of Medical Genetics (2013) DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101470
- van der Pijl et al. “Titin-based mechanosensing modulates muscle hypertrophy” Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (2018) DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12319
- Bennett et al. “RNA helicase, DDX27 regulates skeletal muscle growth and regeneration by modulation of translational processes” PLoS Genetics (2018) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007226
- Chung et al. “Myocardial relaxation is accelerated by fast stretch, not reduced afterload” Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.004
- Lee et al. “Mechanical Properties of Single Muscle Fibers: Understanding Poor Muscle Quality in Older Adults with Diabetes” Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research (2020) DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0078
- Davis, Jonathan P. et al. “Effects of thin and thick filament proteins on calcium binding and exchange with cardiac troponin C.” Biophysical Journal (2007) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.095406
- Manders, Emmy et al. “Diaphragm weakness in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of sarcomeric dysfunction.” American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology (2012) DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2012
- Roberts, Brandon M. et al. “Diaphragm and ventilatory dysfunction during cancer cachexia.” The FASEB Journal (2013) DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222844
- Lee, Eun-Jeong et al. “Calcium sensitivity and the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart are increased in titin N2B region-deficient mice.” Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.05.006
- Walker, John S., Xiaotao Li, and Peter M. Buttrick. “Analysing force-pCa curves.” Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility (2010) DOI: 10.1007/s10974-010-9208-7
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Specifications
| Length Specifications | 315D | 322D |
|---|---|---|
| Lever Arm Length [mm] | 9 | 20 |
| Length Excursion [mm] | 3 | 6 |
| Length Resolution [um] | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Length Scale Factor1 [mm/Volt ±2%] | 0.15 | 0.3 |
| Length Signal Linearity2 [%] | 99.5 | 99.9 |
| Length Step Response Time3 [millisecond] | 0.35 | 0.45 |
| Sinusoidal Frequency Response4 [Hz] | 2,400 | 1,500 |
1 = Gain switch set to 1X; 2 = Over full length excursion; 3 = 1 to 99%, critically damped; 4 = -3dB point
| Force Specifications | 315D | 322D |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Force [mN] | 100 | 200 |
| General Specifications | 315D | 322D |
|---|---|---|
| Power Required | 100, 120, 220, 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz. Available | |
| Power Consumption [W] | 60 | 60 |
| Controller Weight [kg] | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| Motor Weight [g] | 27 | 43 |
| Controller Dimensions [cm] | 21W (1/2 rack mount) x 25D x 9H (2U) |