1400A

Permeabilized Fiber System – Microscope Mountable

The 1400A and 1410A Permeabilized Fiber Systems are designed to enhance experimental throughput and simplify complex permeabilized fiber experiments. They provide accurate measurements of fiber properties across a broad range of applications and tests. Performing a force-pCa experiment is a breeze with our automatically indexing bath plate. Pre-program calcium concentrations and activation/relaxation sequences and let the 1400A system do the rest.

Included is temperature controlled apparatus which includes XYZ micrometer stages with built-in mounts for our high-speed length controllers and force transducers. The bath controller features exclusive software with a programmable motion control sequencer for automated bath transfer of the fiber being studied. Also included are a high-speed length controller, precision force transducer, data acquisition hardware and our unique real-time Linux control and analysis software.

Our dedicated software includes a library of experimental protocols, simplifying the process and allowing easy measurement of both force and length. When combined with our optional HVSL/VSL sarcomere length measurement system the researcher can control and measure length, force, and sarcomere length. These advanced features allow researchers to completely characterize permeabilized fibers performing all of the standard tests including force-pCa, kTr, length-tension, force-velocity and stiffness.

The Aurora Scientific permeabilized fiber test system is manufactured using corrosion resistant materials and can easily mount on an inverted microscope for basic observation or more sophisticated imaging.

streamlined and efficient system to test single, permeabilized fibers
temperature controlled 8-well bath plate
real-time Linux software with revolutionary automatic indexing
resolution as low as 0.01µN
control and measure force, length and sarcomere spacing
measure force-pCA, kTR, stiffness, length-tension and force velocity relationships
force ranges from 0.5 mN to 100mN

Variants

1405A Permeabilized/Intact Fiber System Variant:
All the features of our standard 1400A Permeabilized Fiber System with the addition of a large bath for measuring intact fibers. Baths 7 and 8 are combined to form a large intact bath which comes complete with: Platinum stimulation electrodes and perfusion fittings. Test both permeabilized and intact fibers with the same apparatus.

1410A Temperature Jump Variant:
Allows independent temperature control of baths. Bath 1 and 2 are controlled by one 825A TEC controller while baths 3 through 8 are controlled by a second 825A. This allows the researcher to perform temperature jump experimental protocols.

Stories of Success

1400A – Durable System Helps Researcher Study Thousands of Fibers

CHALLENGE

In 2004, Dr. Hans Degens was studying changes in skeletal muscle function and morphology. Dr. Degens was looking to use permeabilized fibers as his test samples as they represent a pure system for studying cross bridge mechanics without bias and artifacts. Dr. Degens was familiar with the experimental methodology of using skinned fibers but lacked the resources to build a system from scratch that could handle the higher throughput demands of testing human samples.

SOLUTION

Aurora Scientific had recently released the 1400A system. This system featured an automatically indexing chamber enabling maximization of fiber throughput. The design also eliminated any manual bath movement, commonly found in designs at the time, thereby protecting the sensitive transducer from breakage. Dr. Degens’ system was also the first to feature peltier driven temperature control allowing for extremely stable and precise bath temperatures, critical to these measurements. The powerful 600A digital controller has allowed for nearly every experimental protocol conceived to be executed by the instruments themselves.

RESULTS

The system has been in nearly constant use in Dr. Degens’ lab for the last 11 years and has helped him collect data required for many influential and fascinating studies in exercise physiology, comparative biology and cardiovascular health, amongst countless others. This initial partnership with Aurora Scientific has led to other projects in whole muscle physiology as well.

Select References

Lim and Frontera. “Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging” European Journal of Applied Physiology (2022) DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4
Beard et al. “Reduced cardiac muscle power with low ATP simulating heart failure” Biophysical Journal (2022) DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.029
Rode et al. “Myosin filament sliding through the Z-disc relates striated muscle fibre structure to function” Proceedings of the Royal Society B (2016) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.3030
Shimkunas, Rafael, et al. “Myofilament dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial contraction in the infarct border zone.” Myofilament dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial contraction in the infarct border zone. (2014) DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00463.2014
Witteveen et al. “Muscle weakness in a S. pneumoniae sepsis mouse model” Annals of Translational Medicine (2019) DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.12.45
Kohn, Tertius A. and Timothy D. Noakes “Lion (Panthera leo) and caracal (Caracal caracal) type IIx single muscle fibre force and power exceed that of trained humans.” The Journal of Experimental Biology (2013) DOI: 10.1242/jeb.078485
Choi, Seung Jun et al. “Force-Generation Capacity of Single Vastus Lateralis Muscle Fibers and Physical Function Decline With Age in African Green Vervet Monkeys.” Journal of Gerontology Series: A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2013) DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls143
Ochala, Julien and Lars Larsson “Effects of a preferential myosin loss on Ca2+ activation of force generation in single human skeletal muscle fibres.” Experimental Physiology (2008) DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.041798
Prondzynski et al. “Disease modeling of a mutation in α-actinin 2 guides clinical therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” EMBO Molecular Medicine (2019) DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911115
Klaiman, Jordan M. “Cold acclimation increases cardiac myofilament function and ventricular pressure generation in trout.” The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109041
Lee, Eun-Jeong, et al. “Calcium sensitivity and myofilament lattice structure in titin N2B KO mice.” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.004
Stoehr, Andrea, et al. “Automated analysis of contractile force and Ca2+ transients in engineered heart tissue.” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2014) DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00705.2013
Gumucio et al. “Anterior cruciate ligament tear induces a sustained loss of muscle fiber force production” Muscle & Nerve (2018) DOI: 10.1002/mus.26075
Gineste, Charlotte, et al. “Alterations at the Cross-Bridge Level Are Associated with a Paradoxical Gain of Muscle Function In Vivo in a Mouse Model of Nemaline Myopathy.” PLoS ONE (2014) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109066
Bezold, Kristina L. et al. “A gain-of-function mutation in the M-domain of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C increases binding to actin.” Journal of Biological Chemistry (2013) DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.474346

System Components

804A: Permeabilized Fiber ATPase Apparatus

The 804A ATPase apparatus was designed to enable physiology researchers to measure consumption of ATP along with contractile force and length changes of permeabilized fibers. The 804A works in conjunction with an Aurora Scientific model 315D or 322D high-speed length controller and an Aurora 400C series force transducer.

Learn More

802D: Permeabilized Fiber Apparatus – Microscope Mountable

608C: LCD Monitor

A 22” widescreen LCD monitor providing high quality visualization of data collection

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Resources

Parts & Accessories

Model #	1400A
900B	Video Sarcomere Length (VSL) measurement system includes camera and VSL software that integrates with the 600A Digital Controller. The included USB camera operates at a frame rate of 80 frames per second (FPS) for full frames and up to a maximum of 1000 FPS for reduced frame sizes. The camera mounts via a C-mount adapter (not provided).
901B	High-Speed Video Sarcomere Length (HVSL) measurement system includes camera and HVSL software that integrates with the 600A Digital Controller. The included Gigabit Ethernet camera operates at a frame rate of 300 frames per second (FPS) for full frames and up to a maximum of 4700 FPS for reduced frame sizes. The camera mounts via a C-mount adapter (not provided).
902A	Simple laser diffraction instrument consisting of a laser diode assembly and a SL target assembly. The laser diode mounts to a microscope port via a C-mount adapter (not provided). The SL target assembly mounts to the apparatus. The laser shines through an empty objective port on the microscope turret and passes through the tissue. The sarcomeres in the tissue diffract the laser and form a diffraction pattern on the SL target thus indicating the Sarcomere Length. The desired spacing is set visually and no recording is made.
830A	Half-rack adapter that allows half-rack instruments to be mounted in standard 19” racking. Works with models: 200B, 315C/322C, 400A series, 701C and 825A.
831A	Heavy gauge, steel desktop or shelf-top rack, with standard 19” width for any Aurora Scientific Instruments. Available in various heights. (6U high for 1200A and 1300A, 5U high for 1400A, 1500A and 1600A systems).